What is the minimum ground visibility required for fixed-wing Special VFR operation, excluding air carriers?

For fixed-wing Special VFR operations, the minimum ground visibility required is 1 statute mile. This requirement allows pilots to operate under visual flight rules within controlled airspace even when the weather conditions do not meet the standard VFR minimums, thus permitting operations in conditions that might be marginal for general VFR flight.

This rule is essential because it provides flexibility for pilots and air traffic controllers, enabling aircraft operations in areas where weather may be less than ideal but still manageable for experienced pilots who can maintain visual reference during flight. The specific visibility of 1 statute mile aligns with regulations established by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to ensure safe navigation while still accommodating operational needs at airports or in airspace where IFR conditions prevail.

The other options represent higher visibility requirements that would not apply for fixed-wing Special VFR operations, which is why they are not the correct choice.